DIABETES
Created by:
Finda Noor Isnan
English Diploma Program
Jenderal Soedirman University
Diabetes often
referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic
diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either
because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not
respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will
typically experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become
increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia).
Diabetes comes from
Greek, and it means a "siphon". Aretus the Cappadocian, a Greek
physician during the second century A.D., named the condition diabainein.
He described patients who were passing too much water (polyuria) - like a
siphon. The word became "diabetes" from the English adoption of the
Medieval Latin diabetes.
In 1675, Thomas Willis added mellitus to the term, although it is commonly
referred to simply as diabetes. Mel in Latin means "honey";
the urine and blood of people with diabetes has excess glucose, and glucose is
sweet like honey. Diabetes mellitus could literally mean "siphoning off
sweet water".
In ancient China people observed that ants would be attracted to some people's
urine, because it was sweet. The term "Sweet Urine Disease" was
coined.
There are two types
of diabetes:
1. Type 1
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease - the person's body
has destroyed his/her own insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Patients with type 1 diabetes will need
to take insulin injections for the rest of their life. They must also ensure
proper blood-glucose levels by carrying out regular blood tests and following a
special diet.
Between 2001 and 2009, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes among the under 20s in
the USA rose 23%, according to SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth data issued
by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
2. Type 2
- Does not produce enough
insulin.
- Suffers from 'insulin
resistance'. This means that the insulin is not working properly.
Overweight and obese
people have a much higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those
with a healthy body weight. People with a lot of visceral fat, also known as
central obesity, belly fat, or abdominal obesity, are especially at risk. Being
overweight/obese causes the body to release chemicals that can destabilize the
body's cardiovascular and metabolic systems.
Being overweight, physically inactive and eating the wrong foods all contribute
to our risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Drinking just one can
of (non-diet) soda per day can raise our risk of developing type 2 diabetes by
22%, researchers from
Imperial College London reported in the journal Diabetologia. The
scientists believe that the impact of sugary soft drinks on diabetes risk may
be a direct one, rather than simply an influence on body weight.
The Causes of Diabetes
In fact, only 20 percent heredity. The
main cause of the disease is often called diabetes, is a lifestyle. Lifestyles,
high-calorie foods, obesity, low fiber, and rarely exercise.
Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), people with
diabetes in Indonesia reached 8.4 million people. In
2020, people with diabetes is expected to increase to 12 million people.
In fact, diabetics generally also experience complications such as
neuropathy (nerve disorders), retinopathy (visual disturbances), also increase
the risk of stroke and heart, and kidney disorders.
Dialysis
patients whose kidneys are not functioning mostly due to complications of DM.
"Only
20 percent due to genetic or hereditary factors. Factors
tersebesar unhealthy lifestyle, "said Ekowati, at the media briefing on
'Partnership for Diabates Control in Indonesia'.
Example of Diabetics
Diabetes will not stop you from becoming a top sportsman or sportswoman,
politician, actor/actress, musician, journalist, etc.
Here is a sample list of people who have achieved great things. They all
have something in common - they all have (had) diabetes. Some managed to win
Olympic Gold Medals.
Sir Steven Redgrave won 5 Olympic Gold medals for rowing and
has suffered from Diabetes Type 1 since 1997. Despite being diagnosed with
diabetes he continued training hard and won his fifth Olympic Gold in Sydney in
2000. He won the five medals in five consecutive Olympic games:
- 2000
Olympic Gold, Coxless Four (with Matthew Pinsent, Tim
Foster, James Cracknell)
- 1996
Olympic Gold, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
- 1992
Olympic Gold, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
- 1988
Olympic Gold, Coxless Pair (with Andy Holmes)
- 1988
Olympic Bronze, Coxed Pair (with Andy Holmes and Patrick
Sweeney)
- 1984
Olympic Gold, Coxed Four (with Martin Cross, Adrian
Ellison, Andy Holmes, Richard Budgett).
A List of Famous Diabetics
Nat Adderly - Jazz Muscian
Wasim Akram - Cricketer
Yuri Andropov - Soviet Union Leader
Piers Anthony - Author
Arthur Ashe - Tennis Player
Hafiz al Assad - Syrian President
Nicole Johnson Baker - Miss America
Walter Barnes - NFL Philadelphia
Syd Barret - Pink Floyd
Marion Barry - Mayor Of Washington DC
Richard Bartlett - Screenwriter
Menachem Begin - PM of Israel
Jack Benny - Comedian
Halle Berry - Actress
Sarah Bina - Championship clogger
Samuel Block - Civil Rights Activist
Wilford Brimley - Actor
Anthony J. Brown - Actor
Danny Joe Brown - Singer
James Brown - Singer
Ralph Bunche - Nobel Peace Winner
Delta Burke - Actress, Miss USA
Ayden Byle - World-famous Runner
James Cagney - Actor
Douglas Cairns - Pilot
Fran Carpentier - Editor
Nell Carter - Singer, actress
Johnny Cash - Musician
Paul Cezanne - Artist
Carol Channing - Singer, Actress
Sylvia Chase - Journalist (20/20)
Alvin Childress - Actor
Dick Clark - Entertainer, TV producer
Bobby Clarke - NHL Philadelphia Flyers
Ty Cobb - MLB (Detroit Tigers)
Scott Coleman - Swam English Channel
Mark Collie - Country Singer
David Crosby - Singer
Bill Davidson - Motorcycles
John Davidson - Motorcycles
Miles Davis - Jazz musician
Paddy Devlin - Politician
James Doohan - Actor
James "Buster" Dougls - Boxer
Kenny Duckette - NFL N Orleans
Chris Dudley - NBA NY Knicks
Rick Dudley - Hockey
Scott Dunton - Surfer
Mike Echols - NFL Tennessee Titans
Thomas Edison - Scientist
Mama Cass Elliott - Singer
Dale Evans - Entertainer
King Fahd - King of Saudi Arabia
Pam Fernandes - Para Olympian
Ella Fitzgerald - Singer
Mick Fleetwood - Musician
Aretha Franklin - Singer
Melvin Franklin - Singer
Curt Frasier - NHL Chicago Black Hawks
"Smokin' Joe" Frazier - Boxer
Kris Freeman - Olympic Skier
Stephen Furst - Actor
Victor Garber - Actor
Jerry Garcia - Singer, Musician
Rodolfo Garcia - AP Reporter
W. L. Gherra - Payless Drugs
Killah Ghostface - Rapper
Joe Gibbs - NFL Washington Redskins
Dizzy Gillespie - Jazz Musician
Jackie Gleason - Actor
Linda Goodman - Author
Dorian Gregory - Actor
Bill Gullickson - MLB Cincinnati Reds
Gary Jr. Hall - Olympic Gold Swimmer
Jim Hamblin - Newsman
Jonathan Hayes - NFL Pittsburgh Steelers
Chuck Heidenrich - Skier
Ernest Hemingway - Author
Jay Hewitt - Iron Man triathlete
Dana Hill - Actress
Mike Huckabee - Politician
James Hunter - MLB Baseball
Cynthia Ice - Lotus Development
Marvin Isley - Singer
Mahalia Jackson - Gospel Singer
Rick James - Singer
Bill Janklow - South Dakota Politician
Chris Jarvis - World Champion rower
Waylon Jennings - Country Singer
Wei Jingsheng - Chinese Dissident
Jason Johnson - MLB Detroit Tigers
Nicole Johnson - Miss America, 1999
Herbert "Tiny Tim" Kahury - Singer
Zippora Karz - NYC Ballet Soloist
Walt Kelly - Cartoonist
Kesey - Novelist
Kellie Keuhne - Golfer
B.B. King - Blues singer
Billy Jean King - Tennis Player
Larry King - Talk Show Host
Joseph Kolter - Politician
Ray Krock - McDonald's
Cardinal John Krol - Bishop
Nikita Kruschev - USSR Premier
LaBelle Patty - Soul Singer
Fiorello LaGuardia - Mayor of NY City
Peggy Lee - Jazz singer
Tommy Lee - Drummer
Jason Leeuewenberg - Sports caster
Lyle Leverich - Biographer
James Lloyd - Congressman
Mother Love - Entertainer, author
George Lucas - Director and producer
Winnie Mandela - Politician
Jerry Mather - Actor
Curtis Mayfield - Soul singer
Steve McCafferry - Author, Poet
Michelle McGann - Golfer
Bret Michaels - Singer
Dr. George Minot - Nobel Prize Med
Mary Tyler Moore - Actress
Adam Morrison - Basketball
Richard Mulligan - Actor
Gamal Nasser - Leader of Egypt
Kevin Nealon - Comedian
Carroll O'Conner - Actor
Park Overall - Actress
Tim Parker - Rapper
Elvis Presley - Singer
Mario Puzo - Author
Sir Steven Redgrave - Olympic
Della Reese - Actress, singer
Dan Reichert - MLB Kansas City Royals
Anne Rice - Author
Jackie Robinson - Baseball player
Sugar Ray Robinson - Boxer
Buddy Roemer - Politician
Esther Rolle - Actress
Carl Rowan - Columnist, Author
Milton Rubicam - Genealogist
Anwar Sadat - President of Egypt
Ron Santo - MLB Chicago Cubs
Sir Harry Seacomb - Comedian
Kendall Simmons - NFL Pittsburgh
Mike Sinclair - NFL Philadelphia Eagles
Jean Smart - Actress
Sharon Stone - Actress
Elaine Stritch - Comedian
Elizabeth Taylor - Actress
Leonard Thompson - First Insulin Recipient
Jim Turner - Actor
Gary Valenciano - Singer
Luther Vandross - Singer
Scott Verplank - Golfer
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Composer
H. G. Wells - Author
Mae West - Actress
Norman Whitfield - Musician
Neil Young – Singer
Controlling Diabetes
Researchers from the
Mayo Clinic Arizona in Scottsdale showed that gastric bypass surgery can
reverse type 2 diabetes in a high proportion of patients. They added that
within three to five years the disease recurs in approximately 21% of them.
Yessica Ramos, MD., said "The recurrence rate was mainly influenced by a
longstanding history of Type 2 diabetes before the surgery. This suggests that
early surgical intervention in the obese, diabetic population will improve the
durability of remission of Type 2 diabetes."
Diabetes type 1 lasts a
lifetime, there is no known cure. Type 2 usually lasts a lifetime, however,
some people have managed, through a lot of exercise, diet and excellent body
weight control to get rid of their symptoms without medication.
1. A long time ago
Before insulin was discovered in 1921 Diabetes Type 1 was a fatal disease -
most patients would die within a few years of onset. Things have changed a
great deal since then.
2.You can lead a normal life
If you have Type 1 and follow a healthy eating plan, do adequate exercise,
and take insulin, you can lead a normal life.
3.Balance insulin intake with food and
lifestyle
The quantity of insulin intake must be closely linked to how much food you
consume, as well as when you eat. Your daily activities will also have a
bearing on when and how much insulin you take.
4.Checking your blood glucose levels
A person with diabetes has to have his/her blood glucose levels checked
periodically. There is a blood test called the A1C which tells you what your
average blood glucose levels were over a two-to-three month period.
Type 2 patients need to eat healthily, be physically active, and test their
blood glucose. They may also need to take oral medication, and/or insulin to
control blood glucose levels.
5.Prevent developing cardiovascular disease
As the risk of cardiovascular disease is much higher for a diabetic, it is
crucial that blood pressure and cholesterol levels are monitored regularly.
Healthy eating, doing exercise, keeping your weight down will all contribute
towards good cardiovascular health - some patients will need oral medication
for this.
6.Stop smoking!
As smoking might have a serious effect on the cardiovascular health the
patient should stop smoking.
7.A health care provider
A health care professional (HCP) will help the patient learn how to manage
his/her diabetes. The HCP will also monitor the diabetes control. It is
important that you know what to do and that a professional is helping and
monitoring the management of your diabetes.
Conclusion
Diabetes is a disease
increase sharply in
many countries, exactly in Indonesia.
The increase was caused by bad lifestyle lived
so chronic disease
prevalence is also very progressive.
However, we can try to prevent it. If your eating is well planned, if
you do plenty of exercise, and adhere to any medication plan your doctor gives
you, there is no reason at all why you cannot carry on trying to pursue your
lifetime ambitions.a
References :
http://health.okezone.com/read/2013/05/03/482/801562/pengidap-diabetes-di-indonesia-meningkat-tajam
http ://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus